JavaScript Math Object (with Examples)

The JavaScript Math object is used to perform all the mathematical tasks. For example:

HTML with JavaScript Code

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
   
   <p>The value of PI = <span id="xyz"></span></p>

   <script>
      document.getElementById("xyz").innerHTML = Math.PI;
   </script>
   
</body>
</html>

Output

The value of PI =

Please note: The JavaScript Math object is of static type and has no constructor. We can use methods and properties of Math object like Math.PI, Math.round(), Math.abs(), and Math.max() etc. without creating its object (Math object) first.

Note: Anything in the form Math.property indicates to property, whereas Math.method(x) indicates to method.

List of JavaScript 8 Mathematical Constants

Math.E - The value of Euler's number, which is equal to 2.718281828459045
Math.PI - The value of PI, which is equal to 3.141592653589793
Math.SQRT2 - The value of square root of 2, which is equal to 1.4142135623730951
Math.SQRT1_2 - The value of square root of 1/2, which is equal to 0.7071067811865476
Math.LN2 - The value of natural logarithm of 2, which is equal to 0.6931471805599453
Math.LN10 - The value of natural logarithm of 10, which is equal to 2.302585092994046
Math.LOG2E - The value of base 2 logarithm of E, which is equal to 1.4426950408889634
Math.LOG10E - The value of base 10 logarithm of E, which is equal to 0.4342944819032518

List of Important Math Methods

Let me list out some of the important and frequently used Math methods in JavaScript along with its brief description. The detailed description is given in its separate tutorial.

Math.abs() - find the actual magnitude of a numerical value, irrespective of its sign
Math.max() - returns the largest number from given list of numbers
Math.min() - returns the smallest number from given list of numbers
Math.pow() - find the value of x to the power y
Math.sqrt() - find the square root value of a specified number
Math.cbrt() - find the cubic root of a number
Math.round() - round a specified number to its nearest integer value
Math.ceil() - round a number up to its nearest largest integer
Math.floor() - round a number to its nearest smallest integer
Math.trunc - find the integer part of a number
Math.random() - generate a random number
Math.sign() - check if a number is a positive, zero, or a negative number

JavaScript Math Object Example

Let me create an example that demonstrates the use of Math object in JavaScript:

HTML with JavaScript Code

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
   
   <p>The value of PI = <span id="span1"></span></p>
   <p>The maximum of (12, 4, 54, 65, 34, 0, 14) = <span id="span2"></span></p>
   <p>4<sup>3</sup> = <span id="span3"></span></p>
   <p>√121 = <span id="span4"></span></p>

   <script>
      document.getElementById("span1").innerHTML = Math.PI.toFixed(2);
      document.getElementById("span2").innerHTML = Math.max(12, 4, 54, 65, 34, 0, 14);
      document.getElementById("span3").innerHTML = Math.pow(4, 3);
      document.getElementById("span4").innerHTML = Math.sqrt(121);
   </script>
   
</body>
</html>

Output

The value of PI =

The maximum of (12, 4, 54, 65, 34, 0, 14) =

4³ =

√121 =

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